Constructing and analysing financial tools - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1274 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Learning outcomes Be able to construct and analyse financial statements using a range of techniques and appropriate e-tools in order to critically appraise their value in decision making Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Constructing and analysing financial tools" essay for you Create order Critically appraise current developments in accounting and finance including evaluating contemporary theories and empirical evidence within the context of contrasting global business contexts e.g. the ethical and international issues facing organisations when formulating, implementing and reporting financial strategies. Recognize the contribution of accounting and finance to a diverse range of enterprises and society as a whole and be capable of contributing to accounting and finance research using appropriate data and methodologies. Be able to engage in the workplace as an ethical professional with the essential graduate attributes of enterprise, digital literacy and global outlook. Part (a) Part (b) Core financial reporting content and modules Semester and level Outcomes Introduction to Accounting Sem. 1 Level 4 a basic level Introduction to Financial Statement Preparation Sem. 2 Level 4 students are expected to key accounting statements such as the Income Statement Dealing with Accounting Adjustment Sem. 1 Level 5 students will be expected to evaluate a range of International Accounting Standards Producing/Interpreting Group Financial Statements Sem. 2 Level 5 students are expected to be able to produce and analyse more complex financial statements for a group of companies Accounting Issues Sem. 2 Level 6 students are expected to critically evaluate current financial reporting regulations and professional ethics. Core management accounting content and modules Semester and level Outcomes Introduction to Accounting Sem. 1 Level 4 a basic level Management Accounting Sem. 2 Level 4 students are expected to apply management accounting principles to simple planning and decision-making scenarios Intermediate Management Accounting Sem. 1 Level 5 solve more complex planning and decision-making problems using a wider range of techniques. hey will also be able to use a range of techniques to measure and critically evaluate organisational performance Accounting Issues. Sem. 2 Level 6 students will identify and critically evaluate recent changes in management accounting theory and practice Core financial management content and modules Semester and level Outcomes Financial Management Sem. 2 Level 5 students are expected to develop an understanding of the structure of business finance and its application to the decision making processes within organisations. Advanced Financial Management Sem. 1 Level 6 students will investigate corporate financing from both strategic and global perspectives and can appraise corporate financial performance Part (c) Independent study skills cultivated in 3 academic years. The first is self-study ability. In level 4 and I will take introduction to accounting and introduction to financial statement preparation. These two modules explain the basic financial reports, liking income statement and balance sheet. The knowledge in class about this part is not enough, and I should find more related explanation and practise to enhance my understanding. Fortunately document and web links provided by Leeds will direct students to reading materials and additional activities in a range of modules such as Introduction to Accounting (H4), Dealing with Accounting Adjustments (H5) and Accounting Issues (H6). Students will be able to self-check their understanding by completing online quizzes. As a student, I should correct my attitude towards study and learn to study independently. Level 4 is the foundation of financial accounting, when I learn more about accounting adjustments and group financial statements in level 5 and 6 with the self-study ability, it is not imposs ible for me to correctly construct financial statements for all diverse kinds of corporations in the future, and this would be a great advantage for a employee. The second is about efficient communication and team working skills. I should value the contributions of my peers in team working, for example in the preparation of a group presentation in the Business Context module and Strategic planning and Control module. Working in groups to manage and carry out a simulated business project synthesizing the expertise and skills developed throughout the course. During the process our group members have to assign reasonable apportional proportion that is suitable to their advantages to each members through efficient communication. In workplace, efficient communication makes you professional and team work makes you competitive. The thirdly is use of university e-services e.g. VLE, portal, library and email. We should use appropriate e-tools to locate, access and utilise information that facilitate learning e.g. library e-catalogue and search engines. In Level 4 students will use Excel spreadsheets to create, manipulate and analyse data in the Data Analysis for Finance module. in Level 5. IT for Accountants will extend studentsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Excel spreadsheet skills as well as improve their employability prospects through use of the SAGE accounting software. This will involve importing and exporting information from accounting systems into spreadsheets in order to manipulate data. Students will have to continue to demonstrate digital literacy at Level 6 e.g. In the Strategic Planning and Control module students are required to carry out internet based research and prepare a set of final accounts using Excel. The digital literacy is significant in the career life. It is necessary for a employee to be succ essful. Part (d) Competencies I already have Communication skills. I control good skills of communicating with people. I can clearly identity other peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s advantages and weakness through talking with them. In addition to that, in the group assignment of Business Context, my responsibility is to coordinate every team members, tell their objective and absorb their ideas. Computer literate. I am interested in computer, I am good at internet detective. And using correct resource to achieve the already set objectives. Time management. Normally I use timetable to arrange my daily work, especially for the team work. I will inform my group members early and guarantee they will be there on time, and urge them to finish their part work on time. Competencies that need enhancing Mathematics. my mathematics is poor, always make mistakes, so I need to concentrate on the question and numbers when I am doing calculation. This should be improved definitely. Problem solving. I am not good at solving problems, so I should read more peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s experience, and learn their decision making in the same situation. Future career path My personal goal is to become a charted accountant within industry or commerce. This allows me to specialise my financial expertise. However, my long time goal is gaining all the knowledge and skills to open my own accounting company. Below I will make a schedule to make my dream achievable 2014 It is my first year in BAAF, I will learn the basic knowledge about financial accounting, liking prepare income statement and balance sheet. management accounting, such as budgeting and cash flow preparation. Business context, knowing the micro and macro environment and the International Accounting Standards as well as UK regulations 2015 The second year, I will take professional study and increase my ability of problem solving in realistics. Evaluate the impact of diverse global contexts upon business risk Consider practical accounting issues associated with international business operations. In Intermediate Management Accounting will evaluate performance within divisional organisations including multi-national 2016 In the last academic year, it is important for me to obtain these abilities in Corporate Taxation, I will critically evaluate the international tax environment In Advanced Financial Management I will evaluate financial decision making within a multi-national context In Strategic planning and Control module I will run a business simulation within a global market. 2017~2020 In before year I have already finished my study, so in the continue master level, I will take the ACCA examination. I give thee years to myself to gain working experience in accounting company and gain the related accounting knowledge. Try my best to pass the examination one time. And to be qualified accountant. 2018~2020 Work in a big international accounting company. 2021~2030 Raise money and open my accounting company.

Solutrean-Clovis Connection in American Colonization

The Solutrean-Clovis connection (more formally known as the North Atlantic Ice-Edge Corridor Hypothesis) is one theory of the peopling of the American continents that suggest  that the Upper Paleolithic Solutrean culture is ancestral to Clovis. This idea has its roots in the 19th-century  when archaeologists such as CC Abbott postulated that the Americas had been colonized by Paleolithic Europeans. After the Radiocarbon Revolution, however, this idea fell into disuse, only to be revived in the late 1990s by American archaeologists Bruce Bradley and Dennis Stanford. Bradley and Stanford argued that at the time of the Last Glacial Maximum, ca 25,000–15,000 radiocarbon years ago, the Iberian peninsula of Europe became a steppe-tundra environment, forcing Solutrean populations to the coasts. Maritime hunters then traveled northward along the ice margin,  up the European coast, and around the North Atlantic Sea. Bradley and Stanford pointed out that the perennial Arctic ice at the time could have formed an ice bridge connecting Europe and North America. Ice margins have intense biological productivity  and would have provided a robust source of food and other resources. Cultural Similarities Bradley and Stanford further pointed out that there are similarities in the stone tools. Bifaces are systematically thinned with an overshot flaking method in both Solutrean and Clovis cultures. Solutrean leaf-shaped points are similar in outline and share some (but not all) Clovis construction techniques. Further, Clovis assemblages often include a cylindrical ivory shaft or point made from a mammoth tusk or the long bones of bison. Other bone tools were often included in both assemblages, such as needles and bone shaft straighteners. However, U.S. archaeologist Metin Eren (2013) has commented that the similarities between controlled overshot flaking method for bifacial stone tool manufacture are accidental. Based on his own experimental archaeology, overshot flaking is a natural product created incidentally and inconsistently as a part of biface thinning. Evidence supporting the Solutrean theory of Clovis colonization includes two artifacts—a bi-pointed stone blade and mammoth bone—which are said to have been dredged from the eastern American continental shelf in 1970 by the scalloping boat Cin-Mar. These artifacts found their way into a museum, and the bone was subsequently dated to 22,760  RCYBP. However, according to research published by Eren and colleagues in 2015, the context for this important set of artifacts is completely missing: without a firm context, archaeological evidence is not credible.   Caches One piece of supporting evidence cited in Stanford and Bradleys 2012 book, Across Atlantic Ice, is the use of caching. A cache is defined as a tightly clustered deposit of artifacts that containing little or no manufacturing debris or residential debris, artifacts which appear to have been deliberately buried at the same time. For these ancient site types, caches are typically made up of stone or bone/ivory tools.   Stanford and Bradley suggest that only Clovis (such as Anzick, Colorado and East Wenatchee, Washington) and Solutrean (Volgu, France) societies are known to have cached objects before 13,000 years ago. But there are pre-Clovis caches in Beringia (Old Crow Flats, Alaska, Ushki Lake, Siberia), and pre-Solutrean caches in Europe (Magdalenian Gà ¶nnersdorf and Andernach sites in Germany). Problems with Solutrean/Clovis The most prominent opponent of the Solutrean connection is American anthropologist Lawrence Guy Straus. Straus points out that the LGM forced people out of western Europe into southern France and the Iberian peninsula by about 25,000 radiocarbon years ago. There were no people at all living north of the Loire Valley of France during the Last Glacial Maximum, and no people in the southern part of England until after about 12,500 BP. The similarities between Clovis and Solutrean cultural assemblages are far outweighed by the differences. Clovis hunters were not users of marine resources, either fish or mammal; the Solutrean hunter-gatherers used land-based hunting supplemented by littoral and riverine but not oceanic resources. Most tellingly, the Solutreans of the Iberian peninsula lived 5,000 radiocarbon years earlier and 5,000 kilometers directly across the Atlantic from the Clovis hunter-gatherers.   PreClovis and Solutrean Since the discovery of credible Preclovis sites, Bradley and Stanford now argue for a Solutrean origin of Preclovis culture. The diet of Preclovis was definitely more maritime-oriented, and the dates are closer in time to Solutrean by a couple of thousand years—15,000 years ago instead of Cloviss 11,500, but still short of 22,000. Preclovis stone technology is not the same as Clovis or Solutrean technologies, and the discovery of ivory beveled foreshafts at the Yana RHS site in Western Beringia has further lessened the strength of the technology argument. Finally, and perhaps most compellingly, there is a growing body of molecular evidence from modern and ancient indigenous American people indicating that the original population of the Americas have an Asian, and not a European, origin. Sources Borrero, Luis Alberto. Ambiguity and Debates on the Early Peopling of South America. PaleoAmerica 2.1 (2016): 11-21. Print.Boulanger, Matthew T., and Metin I. Eren. On the Inferred Age and Origin of Lithic Bi-Points from the Eastern Seaboard and Their Relevance to the Pleistocene Peopling of North America. American Antiquity 80.1 (2015): 134-45. Print.Bradley, Bruce, and Dennis Stanford. The North Atlantic Ice-Edge Corridor: A Possible Palaeolithic Route to the New World. World Archaeology 36.4 (2004): 459-78. Print.Buchanan, Briggs, and Mark Collard. Investigating the Peopling of North America through Cladistic Analyses of Early Paleoindian Projectile Points. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 26 (2007): 366–93. Print.Eren, Metin I., Matthew T. Boulanger, and Michael J. OBrien. The Cinmar Discovery and the Proposed Pre-Late Glacial Maximum Occupation of North America. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 2.0 (2015): 708-13. Print.Kilby, J. David. A North American Pe rspective on the . Quaternary International  (2018). Print.Volgu Biface Cache from Upper Paleolithic France and Its Relationship to the â€Å"Solutrean Hypothesis† for Clovis OriginsOBrien, Michael J., et al. On Thin Ice: Problems with Stanford and Bradleys Proposed Solutrean Colonisation of North America. Antiquity 88.340 (2014): 606-13. Print.OBrien, Michael J., et al. Solutreanism. Antiquity 88.340 (2014): 622-24. Print.Stanford, Dennis, and Bruce Bradley. Across Atlantic Ice: The Origin of Americas Clovis Culture. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2012. Print.Straus, Lawrence Guy, David Meltzer, and Ted Goebel. Ice Age Atlantis? Exploring the Solutrean-Clovis ‘Connection’. World Archaeology 37.4 (2005): 507-32. Print.

New Article Reveals the Low Down on Illustration Essay Topics List and Why You Must Take Action Today

New Article Reveals the Low Down on Illustration Essay Topics List and Why You Must Take Action Today The Lost Secret of Illustration Essay Topics List Our experts are always prepared to offer essay writing help. If you wish to succeed, the very first thing you are to do is to pick the appropriate topic for your essay. Bridget's essay is extremely strong, but there continue to be a couple little things that could be made better. There are basic actions to writing a successful essay You'll need several ideas to back up your thesis. Writing an essay is a vital role in academe life. Instead, a writer can always do a little bit of planning so as to develop an essay. Therefore, he should be precise and offer a great summary. Instead, he should focus on a brief summary that helps finish the essay in an eloquent manner. Definitions of Illustration Essay Topics List Other individuals think that college students should base their selection of an area of study on the access to work in that area. Explain your commitments, and you are going to be the sort of student colleges find immensely attractive. Write about why it'll be important to you and why you have to get a college education. College students should base their selection of an area of study on the access to work in that area. What Does Illustration Essay Topics List Mean? Your stories aren't debatable. With FreeEssayHelp you'll find hundreds of Example essay topics in a matter of many seconds. Some sample topics are given below. List three to five top ics that you're interested in or would love to write about. Application essays about challenges reveal how you respond to difficulty to individuals who are rather interested in how you are going to deal with the subsequent four years by yourself. If there's a chance to involve such an individual in the practice of creating of your work, you need to use it. Some folks claim that the intention of politics ought to be the pursuit of an ideal. The most important target of technological advancement ought to be to increase people's efficiency so they have more leisure time. The New Angle On Illustration Essay Topics List Just Released When you are finished, proofread your essay and refine it, if necessary. It's therefore important to cautiously consider different college essay topics. It is definitely better to inquire into the subject of your essay yourself. Moral argumentative essay topics are a few of the simplest to get carried away with. If this is the case, you could have a great beginning to your expository essay. In this kind of situation, it's more convenient to discover ready-made essays and use them as an example. There's no ideal solution on the best way to compose an effective essay. Stephen's essay is quite effective. What You Need to Do About Illustration Essay Topics List Before You Miss Your Chance When the assignment was completed it's prepared to be submitted after it's been checked for plagiarism and errors. After all, the GRE Issue isn't a test of knowledge as much since it's a test of how you're able to use knowledge however limited to back your position. To begin writing your assignment you would want to encounter an interesting and promising topic. Your paragraphs do not connect one another's meaning in addition to the full thought of your essay might be incomprehensible. An argumentative essay is an ideal remedy to convince someone of an idea or opinion it's a skill that has to be applied in unison with lots of of research-based evidence and facts in order to create the argument that a great deal more convincing. In case you've got no comprehension of the situations you write about, your odds to compose a fantastic paper will be a lot lower. The very first thing that you ought to do in the practice of figuring out how to compose a book critique is to think about the sort of book that you're working on. Ideas, Formulas and Shortcuts for Illustration Essay Topics List Now comes the procedure for planning the content, which can be carried out by writing down a brief outline of the human body section. One of the main elements in the body paragraph is the usage of human relations. Examples of such kinds of sports consist of rugby, and mountaineering. Fitness involves the mixture of the composition of the human body and the operation of the muscles. There's the variety of topics divided into categories depending on their theme. So you don't actually wish to get a topic! You might discover that a number of the topics can be adapted to suit almost any sort of writing assignment. You should fully learn more about the topic.

Management and Organizational Behavior and Factors †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Management and Organizational Behavior and Factors. Answer: The purpose of this essay is to highlight the factors that how various theories of organizational behavior can be applied in an organizational environment and to evaluate some organizational issues with managerial interventions with high concern about sensitive social, cultural and ethical issues. The essay further elaborates more findings on the recent developments in the organizational behavior. It can be said that success of each business organization highly depends on the effectiveness of the management body and the managerial skills are also dependent on the human skills of the general workforce. Organizational behavior can be referred to as the specific field of study that allows investigating the impact of the workforce have on behaviors within the business organization. It is a matter of fact that, attitude can positively or negatively affect an individuals behavior and that individual may or may not be aware of his or her attitude that can affect his or her behavior (Ycel 2012). An individual who has a positive attitude towards work and towards the colleagues can positively influence the organization and the individuals around them. A man with good attitude is generally active and productive and they usually help to improve the general mood in the workplace. The attitude and behavior of the individuals in the workplace can be categorized into four sections and those are mentioned below. Utilitarian attitude can be referred to as a persons attitude that can be derived from community or self interest (Weng and McElroy 2012). As an example it can be said that getting a raise means more disposable income and the individuals would have a positive attitude at the workplace after getting a raise and that would definitely affect the behavior of the general workforce. Rationalizing is another means by which individuals form attitudes. Whenever organizations appeal to the individuals logic and describe why they are pursuing a specific strategy, it can gather positive attitude towards the strategy or task. On the other hand, if the task or strategy looks illogical the attitude towards the task gets negative. Some individuals have a tendency of protecting their ego and that results in a general negative attitude in the organization (Van Dierendonck and Jacobs 2012). If the management criticizes a specific employees work without providing any suggestions for further improvement, workers can form a negative attitude and eventually may think that the management is not good for defending their work. Thus, the managers must carefully try to manage the criticism and provide solution, without pointing out only the issues. Within the organizations individuals tend to develop central values and those values are not every time simple or explicit. The managerial body must be aware of the fact that what might be more important to the workers of the organization from a values perspective. It can be said, that, having such awareness in the managerial body can enhance passion among the workers of the organization. At times, attitudes can become infectious and may influence the behavior of the surrounding individuals (Nagar 2012). Thus, the organizations must recognize that it is quite possible to influence a persons attitude and behavior. Job satisfaction, positive work environment and reward system these all help to reinforce specified behavior. Consistency is the key to alter ones behavior and fostering initiatives to influence specific behaviors is not enough, and everyone in the workplace needs to have commitment towards the success of the initiatives.it is also equally important that some activities would be more effective some specific individuals than the general workforce. Thus, the managerial body would like to structure various behavior change strategies for getting the best result in the workplace. The term job satisfaction is one of the most researched job attitudes. Various motivation theories regarding work have explained the implied role of satisfaction of job. This kind of expansive research has been linked with productivity, motivation, accidents, mental health and general satisfaction of life (Sageer, Rafat and Agarwal 2012). A common theory states that emotional state of a person gets affected by the interactions within their workplace. Individuals can identify themselves by their profession like doctor, teacher or a lawyer. This it can be said that individuals well being at workplace is a potentially significant aspect of research. Job satisfaction can be defined as a pleasurable or emotional state that results from the appraisal of an individuals job or experiences of job. The term job satisfaction consists of emotional, behavioral and cognitive components. Emotional component can be referred to as the feelings which are related to jobs, such as anxiety, boredom, excitement and acknowledgement. Another component of job satisfaction is cognitive component and that is applicable to the beliefs related an individuals job whether it is respectable and mentally challenging and also rewarding. The final component of job satisfaction is behavioral component and this section includes individuals actions with respect to their work, like working late, tardiness or faking (Wang and Hsieh 2012) illness just to avoid work. Job satisfaction can be referred to as the positive attitude or emotional disposition individuals acquire in the workplace (Fu and Deshpande 2014). The workers job satisfaction emerges as the central attraction in various researches as it is strongly linked with job performance. It is a matter of fact that job satisfaction can be categorized into two parts, the first one is global job satisfaction, which deals with the workers general feelings about their jobs and the latter one is facet satisfaction and it is referred to as feelings related to specified job aspects, like remuneration, benefits, growth opportunities and many more (Eslami and Gharakhani 2012). There are various myths about the topic of job satisfaction and regarding this issue. One of them is that an employee, who is happy, must be a productive worker, but researches do not support this myth and on the other hand many researches show that sometimes casualness can affect productivity (Collie, Shapka and Perry 2012). On the contrary it is also a fact that a happy employee promotes positive ambience in the workplace and they do not spread negativity and in a way boosts the general productivity. Another popular myth is the more you pay the workers the more productivity can be achieved, but this is another baseless comment. As in many cases, it is seen that employees with huge salary structure does not ensure productivity as they may get bored by the type of their job (Aydin, Sarier and Uysal 2013). It is a matter of fact that organizational commitment is something highly valuable in the workplace. Various researches have shown that commitment deeply impacts the productivity of an organization (Chun et al. 2013). It is a fact that a highly committed workforce would easily identify the targets and values of the organization and in most cases has a desire to work in the organization and portray a great organizational citizenship behavior. For an example it can be said that, these individuals have a will power to surpass their allocated job duties. In this case, it can be said that if human source can be said as the asset of an organization, then a motivated and committed workforce can be referred to as having a competitive advantage of the organization over its rivals (Braun et al. 2013). Various studies have proven that there is a positive relationship between organizational commitment and the behavior of the employees, like higher effort given by the employees, better employee r etention and better work attendance and many more. In short, it can be said that in todays changing work environment organizations cannot guarantee that an employee would get stuck into one organization for the rest of his or her life. Thus to conclude, it can be said that attitude of the employees and organizational commitment is very important factors for an organization to grow with higher productivity and profitability. In todays changing market it is a matter of fact that if the organization cannot provide job satisfaction, the employees would lose their motivation to work and that would directly affect the productivity and profitability of the organization. Thus, the managerial body of the organizations should look into this matter and ensure that the employees are satisfied with the ambience and environment of the organization, so that they can work peacefully to maintain the productivity and the profitability of the organization. In short, thus, it can be said that organizational commitment is highly dependent on the job satisfaction and the managerial body of the organizations should stress on the factors that would keep the satisfaction level of the employees on the higher side. Thus ii can be said that o rganizational commitment and job satisfaction both are important for an rganization to grow while maintaining both its productivity and profitability. References Aydin, A., Sarier, Y. and Uysal, S., 2013. The Effect of School Principals' Leadership Styles on Teachers' Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction.Educational sciences: Theory and practice,13(2), pp.806-811. Braun, S., Peus, C., Weisweiler, S. and Frey, D., 2013. Transformational leadership, job satisfaction, and team performance: A multilevel mediation model of trust.The Leadership Quarterly,24(1), pp.270-283. Chun, J.S., Shin, Y., Choi, J.N. and Kim, M.S., 2013. How does corporate ethics contribute to firm financial performance? The mediating role of collective organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior.Journal of Management,39(4), pp.853-877. Collie, R.J., Shapka, J.D. and Perry, N.E., 2012. School climate and socialemotional learning: Predicting teacher stress, job satisfaction, and teaching efficacy.Journal of Educational Psychology,104(4), p.1189. Eslami, J. and Gharakhani, D., 2012. Organizational commitment and job satisfaction.ARPN Journal of Science and Technology,2(2), pp.85-91. Eslami, J. and Gharakhani, D., 2012. Organizational commitment and job satisfaction.ARPN Journal of Science and Technology,2(2), pp.85-91. Fu, W. and Deshpande, S.P., 2014. The impact of caring climate, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment on job performance of employees in a Chinas insurance company.Journal of Business Ethics,124(2), pp.339-349. Nagar, K., 2012. Organizational commitment and job satisfaction among teachers during times of burnout.Vikalpa,37(2), pp.43-60. Sageer, A., Rafat, S. and Agarwal, P., 2012. Identification of variables affecting employee satisfaction and their impact on the organization.IOSR Journal of business and management,5(1), pp.32-39. Van Dierendonck, D. and Jacobs, G., 2012. Survivors and victims, a meta?analytical review of fairness and organizational commitment after downsizing.British Journal of Management,23(1), pp.96-109. Wang, Y.D. and Hsieh, H.H., 2012. Toward a better understanding of the link between ethical climate and job satisfaction: A multilevel analysis.Journal of Business Ethics,105(4), pp.535-545. Weng, Q. and McElroy, J.C., 2012. Organizational career growth, affective occupational commitment and turnover intentions.Journal of Vocational Behavior,80(2), pp.256-265. Ycel, ?., 2012. Examining the relationships among job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intention: An empirical study.International Journal of Business and Management,7(20), p.44.